Хураангуй:
This study investigates the key economic, behavioral, and policy factors influencing the adoption of household-level renewable energy systems—specifically solar photovoltaic and hybrid (PV + ESS) systems—in the ger districts of Ulaanbaatar. Using data collected from a structured survey of 106 households, the research integrates descriptive statistics, behavioral analysis, and comparative policy evaluation to examine why household adoption remains low despite strong interest.
The analytical framework is grounded in the Policy Incentives Theory, which argues that household energy technology adoption depends largely on the structure and effectiveness of state incentives. This theory is complemented by three supporting models—Diffusion of Innovations, Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Technology–Organization–Environment framework—to capture the combined influence of technological attributes, household perceptions, and institutional conditions in Mongolia.
Empirical findings show that although 83–90% of surveyed households express willingness to adopt hybrid systems under improved conditions, actual uptake is constrained by high upfront system costs, limited access to affordable green finance, insufficient technical information, weak installation standards, and the absence of functional tariff mechanisms such as net-metering and feed-in tariffs. These barriers align with DOI dimensions of perceived complexity and observability, as well as TPB constructs related to attitude, social influence, and perceived behavioral control.
Comparative analysis of 11 countries demonstrates that rapid household renewable energy uptake occurs only when governments implement integrated policy bundles—combining subsidies, long-term low-interest loans, stable tariff incentives (FiT/net-metering), and certified installation standards. In Mongolia, however, most of these instruments are either absent or exist only in formal documentation without real implementation, resulting in a “policy bundle gap” that suppresses adoption.
The study concludes that Mongolia has significant adoption potential, provided that financial and policy barriers are addressed. The findings support the development of a comprehensive, localized policy package—comprising cost-reduction measures, targeted long-term green loans, FiT/net-metering reforms, technical certification standards, and ESS incentives—to accelerate household renewable energy transition and enhance urban energy security.
