Хураангуй:
Introduction: Mongolia is the 19th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world. In early 1990, Mongolia saw its own democratic revolution and got freed from Soviet influence and shifted to a market economy.
Objective: In the present paper an attempt has been made to explore the selected socio-economic indicators of Mongolia and related issues.
Material and methods: A secondary data approach was utilized to collect information about the selected socio-economic indicators. Attempt was also made to see the changes in the selected socio-economic indicators during the two census period or during different selected periods of time.
Results: According to 2010 census, the population of Mongolia was around 2.7 millions and its population density was 1.8 persons per sq. Km. The Urban population has increased from 56.7% in year 2000 to 67.9% in year 2010. Ulaanbaatar has registered a very high population density of 245 in the country. The child population (0-14 years) has decreased from 35.8% to 27.3% of the total in year 2010. The labour force participation has shown a fall in the older age group population (Males: 19.3% vs. 24.0%; Females: 7.8% vs. 13.5%). The sex ratio data according to different age groups suggests that mortality is higher among males as compared to females, particularly after the age of 40 years.
GDP has shown a satisfactory rise and Cashmere exports have shown more than double rise over the period. There is not much change in the type of housing during the period. College Education among adults aged 20-25, was seen to be around 15% and Poverty (head counts) was observed to be around 30% in the country.
Conclusion: The low fertility among population registered during the last decade, the relatively high mortality among males compared to females aged above 40 years, Lower college education among adults aged 20-25 years, Lower labour participation among aged above 65 years and high poverty head count in general population needs the attention of the policy makers.
Key words: Fertility, Mortality, Age Structure, Labour participation, Poverty, College education.
